NIPAH VIRUS

NIPAH VIRUS

Natural Animal Host Reservoir

• Fruit bats, commonly known as flying foxes, serve as the primary reservoir for the Nipah virus. These bats transmit the virus to animals such as pigs, dogs, cats, goats, horses, and sheep.
• Human infection mainly results from direct contact with these animals or consumption of food contaminated by their saliva or urine.

Outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia

Outbreaks have occurred in South and Southeast Asian countries since its identification in 1998-99.

• Bangladesh has experienced at least 10 outbreaks since 2001.
• India has witnessed outbreaks in West Bengal (2001, 2007) and Kerala (2018, 2019, 2021).

 

Nipah Virus Spread and Mortality

• It spreads more slowly than COVID-19 but has a higher mortality rate.
• Mortality rates in past outbreaks have ranged from 68% to 100%.
• During the 2018 Kerala outbreak, 17 out of 18 confirmed patients died.
• All outbreaks so far have been localized and contained relatively quickly.
• A study observed that the reproductive number (R0) was approximately 0.48 during previous outbreaks. The R-value serves as an indicator of the virus’s rate of spread within the population. When this value is less than one, it implies that less than one person is getting infected by an already infected individual. In such circumstances, the outbreak is anticipated to subside relatively rapidly.
• 
  
  

Rishabh, one of our brilliant writers, wrote this article. The NIPAH VIRUS, a viral disease that occurred in Kerala, India, is highlighted in the article. The post is written under the oversight and approval of our highly skilled mentor Vikas Gupta to make certain that users receive authenticated accurate information. The virus is all about humans contracting an infection from sick animals. 

You may see all of these current affairs stories on the Plutus IAS website. Since quite a while ago, Plutus IAS has continuously provided the best IAS coaching in Delhi. Join us to reach your IAS officer aspirations.

This is where the article's original source was taken https://plutusias.com/nipah-virus/. To learn more about the provided topic in detail, kindly click the link provided.

 

G20 NEW DELHI LEADERS’ SUMMIT DECLARATION

 G20 NEW DELHI LEADERS’ SUMMIT DECLARATION 

Significant Highlights of the New Delhi Declaration:

• Ukraine War:
  • All states are urged to adhere to the principles of the UN Charter, refrain from using force for territorial acquisition, and avoid using or threatening nuclear weapons.
  • Peaceful conflict resolution, diplomacy, and dialogue are emphasized.
• Grain/ Food / Energy Security:
  • Russia and Ukraine are called upon to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of grain, food, and fertilizers.
  • Maintaining food and energy security is stressed, with a warning about potential market volatility.
• Economies & Financial Markets:
  • Commitment to protect vulnerable populations through equitable economic growth and financial stability is reiterated.
  • There’s a mention of a previous exchange rate commitment and endorsement of recommendations for regulating crypto-assets.
  • Encouragement for fair competition and discouragement of protectionism is included.
• Climate Change:
  • The need to phase down coal power, support low-carbon transitions in developing countries, and triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030 is highlighted.
  • There’s also an emphasis on sustainable finance, carbon pricing, and achieving carbon neutrality.
  • Financial commitments for climate goals and a call to set a new collective climate finance goal in 2024 are mentioned.
  • 
    
• Global Debt Vulnerabilities: 
  • Commitment to address debt vulnerabilities in developing countries 
  • A call for swift debt treatment for Ethiopia.
• Health: 
  • Commitment to strengthen global health architecture, enhance the resilience of health systems
  • Develop climate-resilient and low-carbon health systems in collaboration with multilateral banks.
  • This article has been written by our competent writer Gaurav Nikumbh. The article highlights the topic of G20 New Delhi Summit and its important declaration. The article is penned under the review and authentication of our well-qualified mentor Vikash Gupta to ensure that readers get verified and accurate news. 
  • Get all such current affairs news via Plutus IAS official website. Plutus IAS has been delivering the best IAS coaching in Delhi consistently for a very long time. Join us to achieve your goal of becoming an IAS officer.

MULTILATERALISM

 Multilateralism is currently facing significant challenges:

• Waning Support: There is a decline in widespread support for multilateralism, with some countries showing less enthusiasm for international cooperation. This reduced commitment hinders the effectiveness of multilateral efforts.
• Growing Chauvinism: Nationalism and chauvinistic tendencies are rising in some parts of the world. These tendencies prioritize individual national interests over collective global well-being, undermining the spirit of cooperation.
• Protectionism: Protectionist policies and trade barriers are being erected by some nations, hindering global trade and economic cooperation. 
• Impact on Developing Countries: The challenges directly affect the lives of the poorest and most vulnerable, especially in developing countries. These nations often rely on international cooperation and assistance to address their pressing issues.
• Decreased Funding: While Official Development Assistance (ODA) funding to multilateral development organizations had been increasing in previous years, there is a risk that this trend could reverse due to rising mistrust in multilateralism. Reduced funding can limit these organizations capacity to address global challenges effectively.

 

Way forward:

• Engaging all stakeholders beyond governments.
• Utilizing technology and social media for transparency and communication.
• Adapting to address 21st-century challenges.
• Prioritizing shared values, especially human dignity.
• Building resilient communities and promoting social equality.
• Strengthening accountability, transparency, and inclusivity.
• Forming a global compact involving all parties.
• Amplifying the voices of marginalized groups.

The article focuses on Multilateralism, where several countries are involved in pinpointing similar problems and making cooperative steps to eradicate these problems. It contains the involvement of at least 3 countries or more than that. Our respected faculty have observed and approved this article.

Access all the news and current affairs updates through the Plutus IAS website’s Current Affairs section. Undoubtedly Plutus IAS is giving the best IAS coaching in Delhi NCR and supporting candidates to attain high scores in the UPSC exam.