THE GLOBAL STOCKTAKE REPORT

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• Paris Agreement Progress: The report highlights that overall global progress toward achieving the Paris Agreement targets is currently inadequate.
• Narrowing Window of Opportunity: It emphasises that while progress is lacking, there is still a rapidly diminishing timeframe within which countries can align their actions with the Paris Agreement.
• Ambitious Emissions Reduction: Significantly greater ambition is necessary to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030 and 60% by 2035, ultimately achieving global net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050.

• Need to Scale Up Renewable Energy: To meet climate goals, there is a need to expand renewable energy sources while swiftly phasing out ‘unabated fossil fuels,’ such as coal plants without carbon capture and storage mechanisms.

• Combatting Deforestation and Land Degradation: Efforts must be made to stop and reverse deforestation and land degradation, while also promoting agricultural practices that play a critical role in reducing emissions and enhancing carbon storage.

• Addressing ‘Loss and Damage’: Urgent action across climate and development policies is required to comprehensively manage the risks associated with ‘loss and damage’ from climate change and support affected communities.

 

The mentioned article gives the details of the ‘Global Stocktake’ report that has the goal of restricting the worldwide temperature below 2 degrees centigrade. The article talks about the 2015 Paris Agreement and the ‘Global Stocktake’ is the effort to reach all Paris agreements. Gaurav Nikumbh has written this informative article and our well-qualified faculty Vikas Gupta has reviewed this article for final publishing on the website and current affairs news. 

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GLOBAL BIOFUEL ALLIANCE

 

OBJECTIVES OF GLOBAL BIOFUEL ALLIANCE:

• Foster international collaboration and cooperation to promote the adoption and utilization of biofuels on a global scale.
• Establish robust markets for biofuels and facilitate international trade in biofuels.
• Promote the widespread use of sustainable biofuels within the transportation sector.
• Provide policy guidance and technical support to assist national biofuels programs worldwide, promoting knowledge sharing and capacity building.
• Highlight and build upon the successful best practices and case studies already implemented in biofuels.
• Complement and collaborate with relevant existing regional and international agencies and initiatives focused on bioenergy, the bioeconomy, and energy transition, further enhancing global efforts in these areas.
  
  
  

 SIGNIFICANCE FOR INDIA:

• Increased Technology Transfers: GBA allows India to access advanced technologies and international climate funds.
• Higher Blending of Petrol with Ethanol: India’s goal of achieving E-20 (20% ethanol blending with petrol) by 2025-26 can benefit from insights and experiences shared by countries like Brazil, which have achieved higher ethanol blending levels (E-85). 
• Flex Fuel Vehicle Introduction: India can utilise GBA to collaborate with Brazil in adopting flex fuel vehicle technologies. These vehicles can use a wide range of fuel blends, reducing emissions and curbing India’s crude oil import bills.
• Global Climate Action: By being a part of GBA, India positions itself at the forefront of global climate action. It strengthens India’s role in combating climate change and demonstrates its commitment to sustainability.

This article is about Global Biofuel Alliance and Rishabh wrote this article under the guidance of our highly qualified mentor Prateek Tripathi. The article focuses on the global collaboration on biofuel utilization and aiming for net zero emission.

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NIPAH VIRUS

NIPAH VIRUS

Natural Animal Host Reservoir

• Fruit bats, commonly known as flying foxes, serve as the primary reservoir for the Nipah virus. These bats transmit the virus to animals such as pigs, dogs, cats, goats, horses, and sheep.
• Human infection mainly results from direct contact with these animals or consumption of food contaminated by their saliva or urine.

Outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia

Outbreaks have occurred in South and Southeast Asian countries since its identification in 1998-99.

• Bangladesh has experienced at least 10 outbreaks since 2001.
• India has witnessed outbreaks in West Bengal (2001, 2007) and Kerala (2018, 2019, 2021).

 

Nipah Virus Spread and Mortality

• It spreads more slowly than COVID-19 but has a higher mortality rate.
• Mortality rates in past outbreaks have ranged from 68% to 100%.
• During the 2018 Kerala outbreak, 17 out of 18 confirmed patients died.
• All outbreaks so far have been localized and contained relatively quickly.
• A study observed that the reproductive number (R0) was approximately 0.48 during previous outbreaks. The R-value serves as an indicator of the virus’s rate of spread within the population. When this value is less than one, it implies that less than one person is getting infected by an already infected individual. In such circumstances, the outbreak is anticipated to subside relatively rapidly.
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Rishabh, one of our brilliant writers, wrote this article. The NIPAH VIRUS, a viral disease that occurred in Kerala, India, is highlighted in the article. The post is written under the oversight and approval of our highly skilled mentor Vikas Gupta to make certain that users receive authenticated accurate information. The virus is all about humans contracting an infection from sick animals. 

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G20 NEW DELHI LEADERS’ SUMMIT DECLARATION

 G20 NEW DELHI LEADERS’ SUMMIT DECLARATION 

Significant Highlights of the New Delhi Declaration:

• Ukraine War:
  • All states are urged to adhere to the principles of the UN Charter, refrain from using force for territorial acquisition, and avoid using or threatening nuclear weapons.
  • Peaceful conflict resolution, diplomacy, and dialogue are emphasized.
• Grain/ Food / Energy Security:
  • Russia and Ukraine are called upon to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of grain, food, and fertilizers.
  • Maintaining food and energy security is stressed, with a warning about potential market volatility.
• Economies & Financial Markets:
  • Commitment to protect vulnerable populations through equitable economic growth and financial stability is reiterated.
  • There’s a mention of a previous exchange rate commitment and endorsement of recommendations for regulating crypto-assets.
  • Encouragement for fair competition and discouragement of protectionism is included.
• Climate Change:
  • The need to phase down coal power, support low-carbon transitions in developing countries, and triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030 is highlighted.
  • There’s also an emphasis on sustainable finance, carbon pricing, and achieving carbon neutrality.
  • Financial commitments for climate goals and a call to set a new collective climate finance goal in 2024 are mentioned.
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• Global Debt Vulnerabilities: 
  • Commitment to address debt vulnerabilities in developing countries 
  • A call for swift debt treatment for Ethiopia.
• Health: 
  • Commitment to strengthen global health architecture, enhance the resilience of health systems
  • Develop climate-resilient and low-carbon health systems in collaboration with multilateral banks.
  • This article has been written by our competent writer Gaurav Nikumbh. The article highlights the topic of G20 New Delhi Summit and its important declaration. The article is penned under the review and authentication of our well-qualified mentor Vikash Gupta to ensure that readers get verified and accurate news. 
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MULTILATERALISM

 Multilateralism is currently facing significant challenges:

• Waning Support: There is a decline in widespread support for multilateralism, with some countries showing less enthusiasm for international cooperation. This reduced commitment hinders the effectiveness of multilateral efforts.
• Growing Chauvinism: Nationalism and chauvinistic tendencies are rising in some parts of the world. These tendencies prioritize individual national interests over collective global well-being, undermining the spirit of cooperation.
• Protectionism: Protectionist policies and trade barriers are being erected by some nations, hindering global trade and economic cooperation. 
• Impact on Developing Countries: The challenges directly affect the lives of the poorest and most vulnerable, especially in developing countries. These nations often rely on international cooperation and assistance to address their pressing issues.
• Decreased Funding: While Official Development Assistance (ODA) funding to multilateral development organizations had been increasing in previous years, there is a risk that this trend could reverse due to rising mistrust in multilateralism. Reduced funding can limit these organizations capacity to address global challenges effectively.

 

Way forward:

• Engaging all stakeholders beyond governments.
• Utilizing technology and social media for transparency and communication.
• Adapting to address 21st-century challenges.
• Prioritizing shared values, especially human dignity.
• Building resilient communities and promoting social equality.
• Strengthening accountability, transparency, and inclusivity.
• Forming a global compact involving all parties.
• Amplifying the voices of marginalized groups.

The article focuses on Multilateralism, where several countries are involved in pinpointing similar problems and making cooperative steps to eradicate these problems. It contains the involvement of at least 3 countries or more than that. Our respected faculty have observed and approved this article.

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